India has the second largest number of people living with diabetes worldwide, after China. As periodontal disease is the sixth major complication of diabetes, these patients are at increased risk for teeth loss. Dental implants have been recognized as an acceptable treatment method for the replacement of missing teeth, but diabetes mellitus is considered a relative contraindication for dental implant therapy. Due to this, these patients may be denied the benefit of dental implants. Hence, this review was done with the aim of reporting findings of various implant studies conducted in diabetic humans so as to improve the understanding of the possibilities for implant therapy in patients with diabetes.

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Aim: The aim of the study attitudes and perceptions toward dental appearance differ among populations and individuals. There is a paucity of data regarding awareness of orthodontic treatment among village population in the Indian context. Materials and Methods: After due ethical clearance, a prestructured questionnaire consisting of twenty questions was given to random 500 patients visiting the School of Dental Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India, in the age group of 18–25 years, who may or may not have taken orthodontic treatment. Exclusion criteria used were systemically compromised patients. The responses of the patients to the questions were recorded on a 3-point Likert scale. Simple descriptive statistics were applied to describe the study variables. The Chi-square test procedure was used to compare means for two groups. Results: Chi square tests done on the data obtained from random village population suggests that there is significant difference between the awareness of orthodotnic treatment in males and females. Conclusion: Within limits of this study, it may be concluded that people in rural areas comparatively lack awareness regarding advances and various techniques in orthodontic treatment. Although people are concerned regarding their facial appearance, lack of awareness regarding this field makes them unapproachable to an orthodontist.

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Periodontitis is the inflammation of hard and soft tissues of periodontal structures; if left untreated may lead to the tooth loss. Replacement of the missing tooth with an implant has gained immense popularity in the last few decades. Currently, development of a periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment around dental implants has now become an important new therapeutic tool to replace lost teeth. PDL houses various vital cells that are all important in the dynamic relationship between the tooth and the bone. Thus, ligaplants are now an available option to improve the biological performance and to prolong the life of the prosthesis.

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Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze gender-based differences in frontal and maxillary sinuses. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients which includes 50 males and 50 females were included in the study, and paranasal sinus (PNS) views were taken. All PNS views were exposed using MARS 50 machine using exposure parameters of 60–70 kVp, 35–40 mA. Height and width of maxillary and frontal sinuses were measured and compared between genders and between the sides. Results: The side-wise comparison of maxillary sinus height showed higher values on left than right in both males and females, whereas when width was compared, right width was higher than left width in both males and females. The side-wise comparison of frontal sinus parameters both width and height showed higher values on the left side than the right side in both males and females, but the values of both the sinuses were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The width of left maxillary sinus and frontal sinus can be used as best discriminate parameter to study sexual dimorphism with an accuracy of 59% and 58% respectively. Introduction: The basis for forensic identification of unknown deceased persons depends on uniqueness of anatomical structures. Individual identification is a subtle concept and often one of the important priorities in mass disasters, road accidents, air crashes, fires, and even in the investigation of criminal cases.

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Human teeth may show variations which may be found on the crown, either in the form of anomalous cusps or in an increased number of roots which, in some instances, are associated with an anomalous cusp. This paper describes the incidental finding of an uncommon dental trait like “Bolk cusp” or “tuberculum paramolare” or “paramolar tubercle.” Paramolar tubercle is an additional cusp occurring on the buccal surface of a permanent maxillary molar. The presence of these extra cusps may be associated with dental problems such as caries, sensitivity, occlusal interference, and hence, there is a need for continuous dental surveillance.

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Aim: The ability of antifungal agents to reduce or eliminate biofilm formation by Candida albicans after incorporating heat-cured acrylic denture base materials was investigated. Materials and Methods: Different concentrations of Amphotericin B (AmB) and Clotrimazole (CT) were incorporated into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) specimens (10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm). C. albicans was stimulated to produce biofilms on the surface of specimens. Biofilm count was determined by crystal violet and transmittance percentage assays. Porosity percentage of PMMA specimens was measured. Results: AmB and CT showed more effective action against C. albicans biofilms at low concentrations (1, 5, and 10 μg/ml). Meanwhile, high concentrations (25 and 50 μg/ml) showed less activity. Porosity percentage was decreased in PMMA containing low concentrations of both antifungal agents. Conclusion: Incorporation of AmB and CT into denture materials has a significant inhibitory effect on the biofilm produced by C. albicans, especially at low concentrations. Decrease in porosity level is another advantage evidenced by incorporating low concentrations of AmB and CT within denture.

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Crouzon's syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial malformations. The disease is characterized by premature synostosis of coronal and sagittal sutures which begins in the 1^st year of life. Herein, we report a case of this rare entity, a 12-year-old girl with Crouzon's syndrome, who displayed dysmorphic skull and facial features such as craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, exophthalmia, external strabismus, short upper lip, midfacial hypoplasia with a hypoplastic maxilla, and relative mandibular prognathism. The dentist can play an integral role in the multidisciplinary treatment the patients require. The genetic advising and an individual study of each case are essential to promote the improvement of the diagnosis. An early multidisciplinary approach is necessary, with specific therapeutic program aiming at the prevention of late diagnosis effects.

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The radix entomolaris/paramolaris is the major anatomical variant in mandibular first molars. If present, an awareness and understanding of this unusual root and its root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment. Hence, it is essential to anticipate and find all roots and root canals during root canal treatment with the help of proper angulations and interpretation of intraoral periapical radiographs. This case series discusses the detection and clinical management of five mandibular molars with extra root and root canal anatomy.

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Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare intraoral neoplasm that superficially resembles any other papilloma. It mainly originates from the excretory ducts of minor salivary glands (MSGs). Despite the MSGs being widely distributed from the lips and nose up to the tonsils and bronchi, the handful number of SPs reported so far predominantly affected the palate; while many other locations remain relatively secluded. In here, we describe the clinical and pathological features of one such SP located at lower lip, a never been reported site in English literature.

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Aim: The loosening of abutment screws is a recurrent problem in oral implantology that lacks a consensual solution. The aim of this paper is to review the literature available in search for strategies that might lessen the torque loss of abutment screws. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed with the terms “dental implants AND (screw loosening or screw preload),” from which the papers proposing solutions to torque loss in abutment screws loosening in single implants were selected. Results: According to the review, our results are two folds. It has been found that there are, on the one hand, strategies that affect screw tightening (tightening 10 min after the first tightening and application of a torque value above that recommended by the manufacturer); and on the other hand, approaches that affect implant-prosthesis design and materials (connection, screw, and internal thread of the implant). Conclusion: Taking these findings into an account, it is possible to claim that torque loss is multifactorial in that there is no single valuable strategy for reducing screw loosening. Thus, materials and screw coatings, connection design, and appropriate clinical strategies should be carefully selected to minimize the torque loss, thereby increasing the durability of the implant prosthesis and the patient's quality of life.

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