The ozone oil is an oxidizing agent with a high antimicrobial power against oral pathogens, and olive oil is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Thus, the efficacy of ozone oil and olive oil was assessed in chronic periodontitis patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of the subgingival application of ozone oil and olive oil as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients with chronic periodontitis (≥5 mm) were randomly divided into two groups: Group I received SRP and olive oil and Group II received SRP and ozone oil. Subgingival application of both the oils was performed following initial SRP and at 7, 14, and 21 days. Clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were measured. Plaque samples from periodontal pockets were obtained with sterile paper points at baseline and 1 month for anaerobic culture. Results: The baseline measurements of PI score, GI scores, and PPD show no significant differences among the two treatment groups for up to 1 month. The anaerobic cultures from Group II showed a low colony-forming unit (CFU) on blood agar as compared to Group I at 1 month. There was a significant difference between Groups II and Group I at 1 month in terms of CFU. Conclusion: Subgingival application of ozone oil is a beneficial adjunct treatment modality to enhance periodontal health with a significant role in periodontal therapy. It serves as a promising antimicrobial agent to treat periodontal disease.

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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of apical plugs made of four different materials in simulated immature teeth. Materials and Methods: Ninety extracted single-rooted teeth were selected and randomly divided into six groups according to the materials used: NeoMTA, EndoSequence Bioceramic Root Repair Material Fast Set Putty (BC RRM-FS), Biodentine, Endo Repair, negative control, and positive control group. Microleakage was evaluated by using a stereomicroscope to assess the penetration of methylene blue solution. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's Chi-square test (P <0.05). Results: EndoRepair group showed the highest leakage, and NeoMTA group exhibited the best sealing ability of apical plugs. The sealing ability of Biodentine was similar to NeoMTA and BC RRM-FS. On the other hand, the sealing ability of BC RRM-FS significantly lower than NeoMTA, but it provided a better sealing than EndoRepair. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, NeoMTA and Biodentine can be used safely as apical plug material in single-session apexification in immature teeth. The BC RRM-FS, on the other hand, provided an acceptable sealing, although not as successful as the NeoMTA. However, the sealing properties of Endo Repair need to be improved.

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Background: Dental plaque, comprehend of microorganisms which are considered as a main etiological factor for gingivitis, is the mildest form of periodontal diseases. This burden can be reduced by scaling, but additive effects can be achieved using mouthwashes as an adjunct. Aims: To assess the clinical efficacy of essential oil (EO) mouthwash containing a combination of peppermint oil and tea tree oil on the reduction of bacterial plaque, gingivitis, as well as the colony forming units (CFU) before and after scaling. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial contains thirty subjects with severe gingivitis. All were divided into three groups, A, B and C, each group contains ten patients. Baseline plaque samples were collected for microbiological evaluation from all the subjects, and plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded. Patients in Group A have been prescribed 10 ml of freshly prepared mouthwash after scaling thrice a day for 3 weeks; patients in Group B underwent scaling only. Patients in Group C have been prescribed only 10 ml of mouthwash without scaling. After 3 weeks, plaque samples were collected to reevaluate PI, GI, and CFU from all the samples. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance and paired sample t-test were used for analysis. Results: Reduction was seen in PI, GI and CFU in Groups A and B when compared to Group C, and there was also a significant reduction seen in Group A when compared to Group B, when P < 0.05 was considered significant. Conclusions: EO mouthwash was effective in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis as an adjunct to scaling without any side effects.

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Aim: The present study aimed to assess the amount of anxiety felt before and immediately after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: Patients' anxiety related to mandibular third molar surgery was prospectively measured before and after the procedure. Each patient level of anxiety was measured using a visual analog scale preoperatively and immediately postoperatively. Patients older than 18 years who were referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, for surgical removal of mandibular third molars were asked to participate in this study. Data including patient's demographic information, type of the third molar, and severity of surgical removal were recorded. The patient's age and gender and its relation to level anxiety were analyzed. Surgical removal of all third molars was performed by an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon under local anesthesia without sedation. Results: Eighty-four patients participated in the present study, of which male participants were 36.7% and female patients were 64.3%. The mean age of participants was 42.07 ± 14.93 years and ranged from 18 to 70 years. The amount of anxiety preoperative compared to postoperative was statistically significant different (P < 0.00). No statistically significant differences observed between males and females patients before (P = 0.41) and after surgery (P = 0.11). Patients younger than 30 years old and older than 55 years old had significant reduction in anxiety postoperatively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: The amount of anxiety related to surgical extraction of mandibular third molars was higher preoperatively than postoperatively, without any relation to the age and gender. Preoperative patients' reassurance and adequate explanation are recommended.

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Introduction: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was developed to eliminate xenofactors form of platelet-rich plasma to be used as a source of growth factor for tissue regeneration. PRF has been used as an autologous grafting material because of its ability to accelerate physiologic wound healing and new bone formation. Aim: To compare mechanical and histologic characteristics of the PRF membrane and silver-impregnated PRF. Materials and Methods: Venous blood was taken from the subjects for PRF preparation. Then, 2 normal PRFs were prepared, and for silver-impregnated PRF, 9 ml of blood in addition to 1 ml of silver nanoparticle suspension was poured into another tube and gently shook with hand to achieve a uniform 1% concentration. The tubes were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The tensile test was done by the universal testing machine:

1. The remaining pieces of the membranes were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h to be subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and evaluated with the light microscope
2. Degradation time.

Results: Silver-impregnated showed improved mechanical properties and dense fibrin network than PRF. Conclusion: Silver-impregnated PRF membrane demonstrated properties to be used as a barrier membrane for periodontal reconstruction.

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Local anesthesia is routinely employed for different dental procedures ranging from simple tooth extraction to complex periodontal surgery in day to day dental practice. Although 2% lidocaine with epinephrine in the different ratio is the most commonly used injectable local anesthetic agent, different noninjectable techniques have also been tried. Intranasal 3% tetracaine/0.05% oxymetazoline spray is currently the Food and Drug Administration (USA) approved for performing single restoration in maxillary teeth up to the second premolar, though maximum success rate has been found with maxillary anterior. Different clinical trials were done to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination spray for the maxillary teeth anesthesia. Although this technique has some limitations like it cannot be used in patients weighing <88lb, it has some advantages too. This technique is very useful in needle-phobic patients and it also avoids the risk of needle stick injury. This article reviews the efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of this intranasal spray for the use in the dental procedure and also encourage further clinical trials and research for its safety in pediatric patients and efficacy in more invasive procedures.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The outbreak of COVID-19 which was first detected in Wuhan, China, has evolved swiftly into a worldwide health crisis. The disease started spreading globally from 2019 and has resulted in the 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic. Being a recently discovered disease, several aspects about it are unknown. Infection control measures are needed to control this pandemic situation. The characteristics of dental settings may give rise to the risk of cross-infection for both patients and dentists. Thus, certain guidelines should be followed by dental practitioners, and infection control protocols are urgently needed. Literature review was performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, EBSCO, and Google Scholar using keywords to identify and gather data. This article can serve as a guidance for dentists to deal with coronavirus disease.

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Coronaviruses are positive-sense RNA viruses with crown-like morphology. This family of virus is known to cause outbreak in many species including humans. The pandemic caused by novel coronavirus COVID-19 is reported to have been spread from bats to human. These groups of emerging zoonotic pathogens bind to the host cell through receptor-mediated mechanism. As the viruses lack proper machinery for self-replication, they depend on the host cell for replication. The resulting viremia causes most common clinical symptoms such as fever, cough progressing to shortness of breath. The number of cases reported from COVID-19 is on the rise since diagnosis. The development of drugs and vaccines is under trial for the management of the novel viral infection.

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Retention and stability are the main objectives in a complete denture fabrication. The weight of a maxillary complete denture is one of the factors that affects its retention and stability. Excessive interarch distance between the maxillary and mandibular edentulous arches increases the height and weight of the prosthesis, thus compromising the retention. Long lip length further compromises the situation. This article describes a case report of prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with bilateral gross asymmetry due to unilateral Bell's palsy and increased prosthetic space by fabricating a light-weighted hollow denture to improve the esthetics and function.

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Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) has many traits of an odontogenic tumor and has in veracity been categorized as such in the World Health Organization publication histologic typing of odontogenic tumors. COC is an unconventional developmental odontogenic cyst first recited by Gorlin in 1962. It is a rare pathology and accounts for only 1%–2% of jaw cyst reported. There has always been a question whether its a cyst, neoplasm, or hematoma. Ameloblastoma is one of the well-known odontogenic tumors that can be conglomerated with COC but only a few reports include subjective clinical and radiographic features. Here, we present a specified case report of the COC with ameloblastic proliferation which is an exceptionally rare histologic variant. The classical histological features of lining epithelium and characteristic ghost cells are seen sideways with ameloblastomatous proliferations. The case is ventilated here because of its singularity.

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Those teeth that erupt within the first month of life are called neonatal teeth. It may occur in any region of the maxillary or mandibular arches but its incidence in the maxillary molar areas is extremely rare. A case of neonatal tooth in the maxillary molar region has been presented here.

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